Healthy bugs win

No one likes getting a cold but few interventions have been proven to prevent them, so researchers are always interested in new options.

In this review, researchers looked at 14 randomized controlled trials including 3,451 participants to see if there was a link between probiotic use and the onset of acute upper respiratory infections such as sinusitis, sore throat (pharyngitis), and the common cold.

Results showed that people who took probiotics for at least seven days were less likely to get sick and less likely to need antibiotics compared with people who took placebo.

According to the study authors, overall the research reviewed was weak due to small numbers of study participants, limited age groups (no older people were included in the studies), and poor research quality, but they still found a significant trend toward benefit with probiotics: “The limited results showed that probiotic therapy may provide more benefit than placebo in terms of infections, the episode rate of acute [upper respiratory tract infections], and antibiotics used.”

Tips about probiotics

• The body is always working to keep the right balance of “good” and “bad” bacteria in our system. “Good” bacteria live on our skin and in our gastrointestinal tract and these friendly organisms are essential for staying healthy. Probiotics have been developed as a way to introduce the good bugs into the body and are one way to improve the balance of bacteria in our system.

• Probiotics may be one important option to help prevent illness as these healthy bugs help boost our immune system—the system that helps fight off infection and disease and keeps us healthy. Specifically, probiotics work in part by helping our immune system fight germs!
• Probiotics are typically found in certain types of yogurt and kefir or they come in supplement form. Researchers don’t know yet exactly how much probiotics or for how long to take them for optimal health, but hopefully we will learn more information in the future about this important topic. In addition, different types of probiotics including Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria were used in research studies that the study authors looked at in this review, and it is not yet clear which probiotic strains are the most effective. If you are interested in using probiotics to help prevent infection, talk with a knowledgeable doctor who can share the risks and benefits and may be able to recommend a specific probiotic product.

(Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2011;7:CD006895)